NRI, U.S. Resident, or Dual-Status Taxpayer?
A residency-first framework for citizens, green-card holders, students, and workers.
The practical answer
A residency-first framework for citizens, green-card holders, students, and workers. Confirm the facts and evidence first, apply the relevant rule second, and document the decision and follow-through.
Decisions to organize
Use these decision points to turn the topic into verifiable actions.
- Count days and visa periods
- Document arrival and departure
- Review treaty positions
Evidence checklist
- Visa and travel history
- Indian bank, demat, PF, NPS, and mutual-fund statements
- Indian property and rent records
- U.S. W-2, 1099, equity, and retirement records
- Indian tax returns and payment receipts
Issues to flag for review
- Ignoring PFIC or foreign-account forms
- Using approximate exchange rates without a record
- Confusing remittances with taxable income
- Missing dual-status filing facts
Frequently asked questions
What should I review before acting?
A residency-first framework for citizens, green-card holders, students, and workers.
When should professional review be added?
Add review when facts, forms, deadlines, elections, or consequences remain uncertain.
Sources and important note
General educational material based on the official sources below. Confirm tax-year facts and your individual circumstances before filing or acting.
Turn the guide into a plan.
Bring the records, questions, and deadlines that apply.